This means the phrase reads as ‘solutions based on new technology’ rather than ‘new solutions based on technology’. In the second example, the en dash falls between the second and third words in the compound adjective to indicate that ‘based’ is modified by the two previous words. The en dash connects the three-word phrase ‘anti–money laundering’, to distinguish these regulations from laundering regulations which are anti-money. In the first example, the prefix ‘anti-’ modifies ‘money laundering’, a two-word noun phrase, which in turn modifies ‘regulations’. What to do when the compound adjective has more than two words However, we don’t hyphenate those really common or industry-specific phrases like ‘best practice standards’ or ‘lower income earners’.
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When a compound adjective comprises a comparative or a superlative and a participle, do not hyphenate. Like ‘growing ’, ‘running ’ and ‘looking ’. Superlative words include ‘best’, ‘worst’, ‘slowest’ and ‘ugliest’.Ī participle (in simple terms) is a word based on a verb that’s being used as an adjective. There are a couple (more) things to consider when hyphenating compound adjectives: Is one of the words comparative or superlative? If so, is the other word a participle?Ĭomparative words include ‘higher’, ‘lower’, ‘faster’ and ‘grumpier’. Hyphenating comparative and superlative compound adjectives If the hyphen would make the sentence clearer, add one in. Ultimately, the choice of whether to hyphenate these terms or not comes down to common sense: if it makes sense without a hyphen, leave the hyphen out. In the second set, the hyphens seem a little excessive. In the first set of examples, the compound adjectives are commonly used industry terms which are always hyphenated. However, strictly adhering to this rule can sometimes seem unnecessary, in phrases such as:
‘highly efficient system’ not ‘highly-efficient system’.Never hyphenate compounds including an adverb (generally, a word ending in ‘ly’), whether attributive or predicative. Attributive compound adjectives are hyphenated. The adjective (which is a compound of two words: ‘high’ and ‘quality’) comes before the noun (‘movie’). This is an example of an attributive compound adjective. ‘I thought You Only Live Twice was a really high-quality Bond movie.’ Attributive and predicative compound adjectives
Here’s a primer on when you should (and shouldn’t) hyphenate words. Hyphens make the distinction, for example, between a ‘wild-animal advocate and a ‘wild animal advocate’. The humble hyphen might just be a tiny stroke on a page, but it has the power to change the meaning of a sentence depending on its placement.
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